Immunotherapy: Oral and Injectable

What is immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy (oral and injectable) is a treatment that involves using a pet’s own immune system to fight health conditions, such as certain allergies or certain types of cancer. Immunotherapy uses the pet’s own immune system to identify and fight abnormal cells that are causing the condition.

The goal of immunotherapy is to reduce symptoms. Immunotherapy medications are made specifically for the individual – each formulation is unique.

Its use may be “off label” or “extra label”, depending on region and condition. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions carefully. 

How do I give my pet immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy comes in injectable and oral forms.

• Injectable immunotherapy is most often given subcutaneously (under the skin), while oral immunotherapy is most often given sublingually (under the tongue).
• For oral forms, give on an empty stomach and wait at least 5 minutes before offering food or water.
• For injectable forms, follow your veterinarian's recommendations on disposal of used sharps.
• Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations on frequency of administration.

This medication will take effect quickly. This medication is potentially long acting, meaning that effects may last several weeks.

What if I miss giving my pet the medication?

Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations on missed doses. Do not give the pet two doses at once. Immunotherapy oral and injectable are formulated specifically for each individual; give the medication to the designated animal only.

Are there any potential side effects from immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy may cause the following side effects:

• mild swelling at injection site
• drooling, with oral forms

The following reactions are rare, but if they occur, contact your veterinarian immediately:

• an allergic reaction such as irregular breathing, rash, fever, puffiness and swelling around the face

Drug sensitivities can develop over time with repeated exposure. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment. 

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. 

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

• This medication should NOT BE USED in animals with known allergies to any components.
• NEVER give immunotherapy intended for one pet to any other pet.

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

Certain medications should be USED WITH CAUTION when given with immunotherapy, as they may reduce the effectiveness of immunotherapy. These medications include: 

• steroids (e.g., prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone)
• proton-pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole)
• antibiotics

Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.

Is any monitoring needed with this medication?

• Your veterinarian may prescribe two different medications, and a drug interaction may be anticipated. In this case, your veterinarian may vary the dose and/or monitor your pet more closely.
• Your veterinarian may schedule follow-up visits for monitoring. In this case, follow your veterinarian’s directions.

How do I store immunotherapy oral and injectable?

• Store oral forms of immunotherapy at room temperature. Protect from heat, light, and moisture.
• Store injectable forms of immunotherapy in the fridge. Protect from heat, light, freezing, and moisture.
• Keep medication out of reach of children and pets.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility.