Pet Fish: Setting Up an Aquarium

How do I set up an aquarium for my fish?

A fish’s aquarium is their home, so it is essential to provide the proper environment for them to survive and thrive. Most fish require the same basic things for their aquarium, but there are slight differences depending on if you have freshwater and saltwater fish. Below are some key considerations.

Tank: The size of tank you need depends on the size and number of fish. A basic rule is 1 gallon of water per 1 inch of fish. Most people start with a 10- or 20-gallon tank. The tank should be placed in an area that is shielded from direct sunlight and not under an air conditioning vent.

Filtration: All fish tanks require a filtration system to clear out waste, debris, and bacteria. Filters must be cleaned regularly, to ensure the water stays clean. Partial water changes will need to be done every 2–4 weeks to remove excess waste, uneaten food, and harmful chemicals

Plants and Bottom Cover: Decide what type of gravel you want for the bottom of the tank, and what type of rocks, coral, or structures you want for your fish to hide in. Consider adding color and texture to the tank by including live or plastic plants. If you include live plants, you will need a substrate on the bottom of the tank that is appropriate for plant growth. 

Water: The water you use in your aquarium is critical for the survival of your fish. 

• For freshwater tanks, you can use tap water, but most tap water contains chlorine and other harmful minerals, so you must use a water conditioner before placing fish in your tank.
• For saltwater tanks, you can buy pre-mixed saltwater from an aquarium store or online. Alternatively, you can make your own saltwater using online instructions.

Before you fill your tank, you must wash it out to remove dust and debris. After filling your tank with the proper type of water, cycle the tank (run the water through filtration) for 4–6 weeks before adding fish to ensure the nitrite and ammonia levels are acceptable. Ask a fish specialist about the proper water testing kit for your fish.

Temperature and Light: A thermometer and tank light are needed to maintain a proper temperature for your fish and plant life. You may also need a heater. Research your type of fish and make sure you keep the temperature at a level appropriate for the species. 

How do I keep my fish’s tank clean?

A clean tank keeps your fish happy and healthy and allows you to enjoy them to the fullest. Regular aquarium maintenance is essential. You will need to perform partial water changes every 2–4 weeks to remove excess waste, uneaten food, and harmful chemicals. A fish specialist can advise you on the best cleaning procedures and testing kits for your tank.

What are the most common types of fish kept as pets?

A variety of fish can be kept as pets. Each one has unique requirements, so make sure you research your chosen species. If you mix fish species, choose compatible species. Do not overcrowd your tank. 

With some attention to the basics, you can create a thriving and comfortable environment that will support the health and well-being of your fish for years to come. Consult a fish specialist if you have any questions regarding your pet fish.